UPSC Notes

Powers, Duties and Functions of the President of India The President of the Republic of India is the head of state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. The President is indirectly elected by an electoral college comprising the Parliament of India (both houses) and the Legislative Assemblies of each of India’s states and territories, who themselves are all directly elected. Although the Article 53 of the Constitution of India states that the President can exercise his powers directly or by subordinate authority, with few exceptions, all of the executive powers vested in the President are, in practice, exercised by the Prime Minister with the help of the Council of Ministers. The President is bound by the constitution to act on the advice of the Prime Minister and Cabinet as long as the advice is not violating the constitution. Must Read :  best earphones under 1000 Eligibility of a Presidential Candidate Article 58 of the Indian Constit...

Political Science UPSC optional PDF Notes 1.Political theory  meaning and approaches 2.Theories of the state: Liberal, Neoliberal, Marxist, Pluralist, Post-colonial and feminist. 3.Justice:  Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of justice and its communitarian critiques. 4.Equality:  Social, political and economic;relationship between equality and freedom; Affirmative action. 5.Rights:  Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; concept of Human Rights. 6.Democracy:  Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy – representative, participatory and deliberative. 7.Concept of power, hegemony, ideology and legitimacy. 8.Political Ideologies:  Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism. 9.Indian Political Thought:  Dharamshastra, Arthashastra, and Buddhist traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M.K. Gandhi, B.R. Ambedkar, M.N. Roy . 10.Western Political Thought :...

In this pdf, you will find 20 years questions from Indian polity, which were asked in upsc prelim examination, these questions are very useful as these questions will help you to understand the pattern of upsc, what kind of questions usually asked by upsc, and it is seen that upsc repeats question in prelim. Download link is given below, you can save it in your drive or you can download it. Details- File type – pdf Size – 12 MB Pages- 17 Subject – Polity Language – Hindi Format – Handwritten Download

Important Articles of Indian Constitution In this post we will look at the must know articles of Indian Constitution. Do remember that it is not expected from a UPSC aspirant to know all the articles in Indian Constitution by heart but they are expected to have a good knowledge of the nature and the salient features of Indian Constitution like Federalism, Separation of Powers, Fundamental Rights etc. Must Know Articles of Indian Constitution Article Importance Article 12 –35 Specifies the Fundamental Rights available Article 36-51 Specifies the Directive Principles of state policy Article 51A Specifies the Fundamental Duties of every citizen Article 80 Specifies the number of seats in the Rajya Sabha Article 81 Specifies the number of seats in the Lok Sabha Article 343 Hindi as official language Article 356 Imposition of President’s Rule in states Article 370 Special status to Kashmir Article 395 Repeals India Independence Act and Government of India Act, 193...

12 Schedules of Indian Constitution Indian Constitution originally had eight schedules. Four more schedules were added by different amendments, now making a total tally of twelve. Schedules are basically tables which contains additional details not mentioned in the articles. First schedule: contains the list of states and union territories and their territories Second schedule: contains provisions of: the President, Governors of States, Speaker the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly the Chairman the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council of a State, the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India the list of states and union territories and their territories. Third Schedule: contains the Forms of Oaths or Affirmations. Fourth Schedule: contains provisions as to the all...

NCERT History Books Download – From 6th to 12th Class It has been constantly observed over the years that UPSC/SSC asks questions based on the NCERT books from grade 6th to 12th. Therefore, starting the foundation of your UPSC preparation with knowing these NCERT History books is the best idea. NCERT History is easy to understand with simple language. While reading the books, try to read them chapter wise and make your own History notes. Pay close attention to the tables and diagrams given in the chapter as the questions asked in the exam might confront them. Here are the downloadable PDF links for NCERT History books from 6th to 12th class: ncert 6th, 7th,8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th class history/social science book pdf free download Links for NCERT History Books from 6th to 12th Class in PDF Format. NCERT History Book Class 6 –  Download PDF NCERT History Book Class 7 –  Download PDF NCERT History Book Class 8 –  Download PDF NCERT History Book Clas...

Harappan /Indus Civilization The most accepted period 2500 BC- 1750 BC The oldest name- Indus Civilization According to archaeological tradition, the most appropriate name- Harappan Civilization (Harappa- the first discovered site.) According to the geographical point of view, the most suitable name- Indus-Saraswati Civilization The largest concentration of settlement- along with the Indus-Sarasvati river valley. About 80% settlement was along the Saraswati. The first scholar to use the term “Indus Civilization”-  John Marshall The civilization belongs to Proto-Historic Period It was spread over Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Western U.P. and Northern Maharashtra. The general belief of scholars was that Harappa-Ghaggar-Mohenjo Daro axis represents the heartland of the Indus Civilization. Northernmost site: Earlier: Ropar (Sutlej)/ Punjab Now: Manda (Chenab)/ Jammu-Kashmir Southernmost site: Earlier: Bhagatrav (Kim)/ Gujarat Now: Dai...